Quasi-experimental Design :: Research methods and statistics

I. Jackson (2012), even-numbered chapter exercises, p 360. 2. The recommended design for this type of study is a non-equivalent control group post-test only design. 4. If a study is confounded, the researcher is not absolutely certain that changes in the dependent variable were caused by the manipulation of the independent variable, or some other uncontrolled variable. In a non-equivalent control group post-test only design, any differences observed between the two classes may be due to the non-equivalence of the groups and not to the injection of quizzes. No pre-test measures were given to establish equivalence. Another confound that may impact the results of this study could be the testing effect. Repeated testing may lead to better or worse performance. Changes in performance on the test may be due to prior experience with the test and not to the independent variable. In addition, repeated testing fatigues the subjects, and their performance declines as a result (Jackson, 2012). Because the professor is interested in determining if the implementation of weekly quizzes would improve test scores, an experimenter and/or an instrumentation effect may also affect results. In a single group post-test only design, possible confounds include the lack of a comparison group and the absence of an equivalent control group. Once again, a testing and an experimenter effect could also contribute to changes in test performance. 6. A single-case design is used when: 1. Only one person is measured. 2. The researcher does not want or need to generalize the results to a population. 3. The researcher believes it is unethical to withhold treatment to one group. 8. A multiple-baseline design differs from a reversal design by attempting to control for confounds through the introduction of treatment at differing time intervals to a few different people, to the same person in different situations, or to the same person across different behaviors. Reversal designs attempt to control for confounds by reversing the baseline and treatment conditions one or more times to assess the impact on behavior (Jackson, 2012). 2. Describe the advantages and disadvantages of quasi-experiments? What is the fundamental weakness of a quasi-experimental design? Why is it a weakness? Does its weakness always matter? Quasi-experimental designs are experimental designs that do not provide for the full control of extraneous variables. Primarily, the absence of control in this design is due to the lack of random assignment to groups. Quasi-experimental research designs are used in the study of cause and effect by manipulating the independent variable.

EEI Corporation (EEI) Essay

EEI Corporation (EEI) was incorporated on April 17, 1931 as a machinery and mills supply house for the mining industry. The Company eventually expanded into provisioning construction services and a broader range of industrial machinery and systems. EEI is a member of the Yuchengco Group of Companies, a conglomerate with interests in banking, financial services and property development. EEI has been involved in the installation, construction and erection of power generating and transmission facilities, oil refineries, chemical production plants, cement plants, food and beverage manufacturing facilities, semiconductor assembly plants, road, rail and bridge infrastructures, and high rise landmarks. It also operates a steel fabrication plant. EEI’s subsidiaries includes EEI (BVI) Ltd. & Subsidiaries; EEI Construction and Marine, Inc.; EEI Power Corporation; EEI Realty Corporation; Equipment Engineers, Inc.; Gulf Asia International Corporation; Bagumbayan Equipment & Industrial Plant, Inc.; Philrock Construction and Services, Inc.; Philmark, Inc.; EEI Corporation (Guam), Inc.; and EEI Subic Corporation. The Company has also been involved in several joint venture companies through ECW Joint Venture, Inc. and Al Rushaid Construction Company Ltd. Board of Directors

Air Pollution essay - 910 Words

Air pollution has become a major problem in the United States. The agricultural industry must help maintain air quality. By doing that the United States has started trying to make machines that will help reduce the pollution in the air which will help the environment. One way the United States has tried stopping air pollution and that is to create a solar powered machine which decreases air pollution. But also there are some ways that the people of the United States can help stop air pollution. Air pollution affects the health of people in a major way. The presence of carbon monoxide in the air we breathe causes headache nausea and suffocation. Tuberculosis, bronchitis and asthma are common in our country due to poor air quality. Dust in†¦show more content†¦When growing plants the Plants can reduce the air pollution by producing the oxygen which is very important for human life to breathe. Another solution is that the United States should limit factories how much they should make a year because less smoke means less pollution. Also that would be sort of a bad thing but if we had less pollution we would have more air. Such as recycling and reusing things like plastic bags so we don’t waste the plastic items. Doing the recycling go green way will help in getting the environment in a better place. Another thing that will help the environment get different type of gas for cars that is harmless to the environment. But some ways that we can help the environment are to sometimes ride a bike instead of a car. Doing that will do well for the environment and you because you are getting a good workout. But a substance in the air that can be harmful to humans and the environment is known as an air pollutant. Air pollutants are the gases such as carbon dioxides. Which mainly come from factories and cars. Air pollution can be spread volcanic eruptions which send sulfur dioxide, tons of ash, and soot into the air which mixes with water vapor to form acid rain. Dirt particles can also be carried to the atmosphere during wind erosion. This happens in areas with less vegetation where soil cannot be held together. Such as on islands for an example Hawaii. People get exposed to air pollution not just outdoors. Even inShow MoreRelatedEssay On Air Pollution1500 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction: Pollution is when a harmful or poisonous gas is emitted in the presence of air that can be very harmful to the environment even for humans, especially when we don’t do anything . We might think that pollution is not really a problem in the world but it is one major problem and some countries are suffering from it now. 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